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  1. Home
  2. /Discussion
  3. /The worst possible antitrust outcome
  1. Home
  2. /Discussion
  3. /The worst possible antitrust outcome
Last activity 3 months agoPosted Sep 3, 2025 at 4:29 PM EDT

The Worst Possible Antitrust Outcome

leotravis10
268 points
212 comments

Mood

heated

Sentiment

negative

Category

other

Key topics

Antitrust
Google
Monopoly
Debate intensity85/100

The article argues that the antitrust outcome in the Google case is inadequate, sparking a heated discussion about the effectiveness of antitrust laws and the impact of Google's monopoly on competition and user data.

Snapshot generated from the HN discussion

Discussion Activity

Very active discussion

First comment

30m

Peak period

148

Day 1

Avg / period

53.3

Comment distribution160 data points
Loading chart...

Based on 160 loaded comments

Key moments

  1. 01Story posted

    Sep 3, 2025 at 4:29 PM EDT

    3 months ago

    Step 01
  2. 02First comment

    Sep 3, 2025 at 4:59 PM EDT

    30m after posting

    Step 02
  3. 03Peak activity

    148 comments in Day 1

    Hottest window of the conversation

    Step 03
  4. 04Latest activity

    Sep 5, 2025 at 11:34 PM EDT

    3 months ago

    Step 04

Generating AI Summary...

Analyzing up to 500 comments to identify key contributors and discussion patterns

Discussion (212 comments)
Showing 160 comments of 212
frogperson
3 months ago
6 replies
Americans have allowed the rich to become too wealthy. The kind of power that comes with billions of dollars just doesnt work with justice or democracy.
jmward01
3 months ago
4 replies
I have nothing against rich. I have everything against a single person having a megaphone for themselves and a gag for everyone else and still calling it a democracy. We need strong laws that reduce the voice of money and increase the voice of individuals. Having said that, the practical implication is that money needs to loose power and there are very few ways to truly do that other than just take it away. So, I agree that our only known practical path to a healthier democracy is to make it harder to be pathologically rich.
saulpw
3 months ago
1 reply
There's rich, and then there's 10x rich, and 100x rich, and 1000x rich, and 10000x rich, and now even 100000x rich. Millionaires are fine, billionaires are bad, and hectobillionaires are supremely terrible.

I think once someone gets to a billion dollars net worth, they should get an AmEx black card, and 99% of their assets moved into a sovereign public wealth fund. They can have anything they want, they lose the power of extreme asset allocation, and if they just like competing, they can start over and try to ring the bell again (and can give the second AmEx black card to a person of their choosing).

lotsofpulp
3 months ago
5 replies
So if your business is extremely successful, your reward is losing control if it?

To who, politicians?

Leaving the large business intact and just changing the leader doesn’t seem like it changes anything.

mxkopy
3 months ago
1 reply
You should be forced to invest into all aspects of the social fabric that makes your success possible. Your reward is being able to be a successful philanthropist
Workaccount2
3 months ago
2 replies
Your 401k is their social fabric contribution.
p_j_w
3 months ago
1 reply
How does a 5 year old use their 401k to increase the quality of their education?
Workaccount2
3 months ago
2 replies
Probably should allow parents to open college investment accounts for kids at birth. Even $5k invested at birth would be $50k at 25, enough to mostly pay off a state school degree.

So yeah, generally I think that would be a good idea.

p_j_w
3 months ago
Suppose I’m a 5 year old born to poor parents. Should I have just made better life choices?
naniwaduni
3 months ago
We do have, like, four versions of that in the US alone, yes, starting with 529 plans.
mxkopy
3 months ago
You misunderstand. From a billionaire’s POV a real contribution looks like taking some responsibility for the average person’s wellbeing even if it has nothing to do with their business interests, simply because they have the power to do this. The 401k is us benefitting from their selfishness, I ask that they stop being selfish
nielsbot
3 months ago
1 reply
Taxation = losing control of your business? Sounds a little hyperbolic. But explain more what you mean?
blargey
3 months ago
They're pointing to the fact that most of a given billion+aire's net worth is ownership of a highly valued company (stock). Their billions are literally just the market-assigned value of the control itself, so it falls upon people suggesting a wealth cap to come up with an arrangement that can divest them of that value without divesting them of the ownership/control rights that said value is being derived from.

Of course, control of a very large company is itself the sort of power that wealth caps are supposed to curb, like when people buy newspapers / social media platforms / etc - so you could also just proclaim it a feature instead of a bug, but it still warrants a defense.

palata
3 months ago
3 replies
> your reward is losing control if it?

That's not what I understand from the GP. What they say is taht if your business is extremely successful, it can keep being extremely successful and you can keep control over it.

You just cannot accumulate more money for yourself. Like if the highest amount of money in a video game was 1 billion. Once you reach it, you don't go back to 0, you just can't go higher.

Makes sense to me.

Workaccount2
3 months ago
1 reply
I face palm through the back of my skull when people think billionaires have billions of dollars. Virtually none of them do.
palata
3 months ago
1 reply
I talk about the ultra-rich as "they have waaaaay too much money". I do understand that this is not exactly big purse with a lot of cash that they carry everywhere with them. Still, it's way too much.
Workaccount2
3 months ago
1 reply
They have tons of assets and not much money. That's part of why the problem is so intractable.

People put limits on what they should be able to own, but if we extend that idea globally (i.e. don't discriminate based on simply where you were born), then most of us in the first world would also be liable to give up our TVs, cars, latops, houses etc. And then suddenly seizing assets is bad...

The problem is not simple or straightforward. It's mostly people who want more complaining about those who also want more.

palata
3 months ago
> The problem is not simple or straightforward

Nobody says it's simple or straightforward. I personally just admitted that there is an amount of wealth that is too much.

You sound like you're telling me that because it's a hard problem to solve, I should just shut up.

BrenBarn
3 months ago
1 reply
>What they say is taht if your business is extremely successful, it can keep being extremely successful and you can keep control over it.

> You just cannot accumulate more money for yourself.

If that's what it means, I don't think it makes sense, because the point of taking away the money was to reduce the ability of the rich to unduly control and influence others. If they can still do that via their company that they still control, it doesn't much matter whether they have money or not.

palata
3 months ago
> If they can still do that via their company that they still control, it doesn't much matter whether they have money or not.

Of course it does. It's very different to be the head of a company and to privately have more money than an entire country.

philsnow
3 months ago
I'm reminded of Nethack, which keeps track of your score as a 32-bit* signed int, and so some people have perfected making sure that they have MAX_INT when they win.. and then it becomes a game of trying to do as much as you can in the game without going over MAX_INT.

* though I guess newer builds are defaulting to 64-bit signed ints?

account42
3 months ago
Yes, if your business gets to societal scale then the rest of society gets to have a say.
JKCalhoun
3 months ago
Society?
idle_zealot
3 months ago
7 replies
I'm not sure I understand what distinction you're drawing between ideological opposition to rich people existing and opposition to disproportionately powerful people existing.

In what hypothetical world are these not the exact same thing? Money is a unit of exchange that exists to compel action. That's the point of it, and is just another way of saying "power over others". A world where being rich doesn't grant power over others is one where money isn't money.

pdonis
3 months ago
3 replies
> Money is a unit of exchange that exists to compel action

Not in a free market. In a free market, people have the option to refuse to accept your money if they don't want to give you what you want to buy from them with it.

teachrdan
3 months ago
2 replies
> people have the option to refuse to accept your money...

This is the contradiction, isn't it? A free market that you or I might define requires safeguards like a social welfare net to make sure individuals are truly free to decline an offer that is harmful to them. Without such a welfare net one is compelled to accept an offer that is harmful (to one's health, morality, etc.) because the alternative is to lose your dignity and all of your belongings, or worse.

But then the owning class has every incentive to reduce or remove the safety net. Not least because they will be paying a lot for it! But even more so because that safety net is what gives people some small amount of power to say no to them.

nielsbot
3 months ago
1 reply
People like to talk about politically tyranny, but forgot about the tyranny of capitalism.

We've financialized servitude is all.

Supermancho
3 months ago
2 replies
Many people decry the tyranny of capitalism, but this site tends to lean into it and defend it at every turn because capitalism is painted as the tide that lifts all boats, despite the bodies on the ocean floor. Some believe, wholeheartedly that a few regulations is all that is needed to establish a fair free market, despite evidence to the contrary. ANY niche market where a world-spanning monopoly can be established, makes a mockery of regulation time and time again.
bpt3
3 months ago
What is the alternative to capitalism you propose? Every alternative has resulted in many more "bodies on the ocean floor".
pdonis
3 months ago
Capitalism is not the same thing as a free market. A free market means all transactions are voluntary. That's how wealth gets built--by voluntary cooperation among productive people through specialization and trade.

Capitalism is just the view that one should try to accumulate more capital, by hook or by crook. And there are lots of ways to do that that don't involve any kind of productive work, much less building wealth through cooperation, specialization, and trade. Buying government favors, for example, which is how most big-time "capitalists" in US history did it (for example, the railroad barons who got the government to give them exclusive access to key routes). Today they do it by buying regulations that favor them.

pdonis
3 months ago
> A free market that you or I might define requires safeguards like a social welfare net to make sure individuals are truly free to decline an offer that is harmful to them.

That depends on how the safeguards are implemented. If they are implemented through coercive taxation, you don't have a free market, because people don't have the right to refuse to pay taxes, even if they disagree with how the money will be used.

> Without such a welfare net one is compelled to accept an offer that is harmful (to one's health, morality, etc.) because the alternative is to lose your dignity and all of your belongings, or worse.

Can you give an example?

> the owning class

What you're saying here is something different from what you said above. The problem you're now pointing to is not that rich people have power because they're rich, but that they have power because own too much other than just money. For example, they might own all the housing in the area you want to live in, so you either have to look elsewhere or accept renting on whatever terms they offer.

The solution for that isn't a "social welfare net". It's to restrict how much non-monetary property a rich person can own. And also to make it easier for people who aren't rich to own more things--for example, to own homes.

By the way, your use of the term "owning class" implies that ownership is somehow a bad thing, or that it's naturally restricted to a certain class of people. But that's not how things should be. Ownership gives you control. For example, if you own the home you live in, you're much better protected from various possible bad things forcing you to move, than if you rent. But that also means people need to be willing to accept the responsibilities that come with ownership. It appears that many people in our current society aren't--but they also don't want to accept the tradeoffs of giving up ownership. That's not a stable situation. You can't get something for nothing. And the best "safety net" a person can have is to own as many of the things they depend on as possible.

Yizahi
3 months ago
1 reply
It is theoretically and practically impossible that free market could exist. Every unregulated market will be quickly monopolized by a biggest player and it will stop being free by definition.

It's like saying that humans can fly unassisted. Sure, we can jump in the air and for a few milliseconds remain completely in the air. But we can hardly call that process a flight, if it can last for extremely short period of time. Same with free market.

pdonis
3 months ago
2 replies
> unregulated market

A free market is not unregulated. It's regulated by the voluntary choices of all market participants.

The alternative is to have the market regulated by those who aren't participants--i.e., who have no skin in the game and who suffer no consequences if the regulations are bad. That's basically the situation we have now. Anyone who thinks that's a good thing isn't living on the same planet as I am.

> will be quickly monopolized by a biggest player

The claim that this is a problem of free markets, as opposed to non-free ones, is historically false. Virtually all monopolies, historically, have been due to government intervention in markets to give special privileges to certain players. THe original meaning of the word "monopoly" was permission from the king to be the sole seller of a particular product or service.

worik
3 months ago
1 reply
> Virtually all monopolies, historically, have been due to government intervention in markets to give special privileges to certain players

Really?

* Search: What special privilege for Google?

* Desktop OS: Microsoft?

* On line retail: Amazon

What am I missing? These firms got no "special privilege " from government, did they?

b_e_n_t_o_n
3 months ago
1 reply
> These firms got no "special privilege " from government, did they?

They did and still do. They spend millions lobbying the government to make it harder for outsiders to break into their industries.

majewsky
3 months ago
2 replies
So we're back to square one then, and came to agree on the original premise: Money is a unit of exchange that exists to compel action.
pdonis
3 months ago
No, not money. The problem is not that Google, Amazon, etc. can buy special privileges from the government; the problem is that the government has them for sale. It's government power that's the root of the problem, not money. If the government didn't have the power to give out such special privileges (which comes from the power to issue regulations that all businesses must obey), it wouldn't matter how much money Google or Amazon or anyone else had.

In other words, what's "compelling action" here is the government, and its power to do that is not based on money. But since the government is run by humans, who can be bought, the government's power to compel things ends up being for sale. And even if you magically took away all that money from Google and Amazon and spread it around evenly, that would just mean government favors would get curried in other ways. (Plus the fact that, even if you spread the money around evenly once, it wouldn't stay that way.)

b_e_n_t_o_n
3 months ago
In the same way that computers are a device that exists to search Google, sure.
Yizahi
3 months ago
2 replies
> It's regulated by the voluntary choices of all market participants.

So, what do you think would happen when the biggest market participant makes a choice incompatible with choices of the smaller participants? I can tell you - the biggest player would win. Or it would slowly destroy competitors (slowly mean just a few years), and then start imposing it's rules. Basically any free market would turn to feudalism, which would then turn into a bloody and crude proto-government. Basically the same we have today minus any pro-human and pro-free market policies we have managed to carve for ourselves over centuries. It is impossible that free market would be anything different.

So yeah, because humans are shit at governing, the only viable way (until someone invents something new) is external control.

> Virtually all monopolies, historically, have been due to government intervention in markets to give special privileges to certain players.

Correct. And do you know why that happened? Because there was no control and biggest market players could simply buy the poor politician they wish. And in the free market you describe these two step would be simply combined into one - the biggest market player would also perform as a pseudo politician, ultra monopoly with zero oversight.

pdonis
3 months ago
1 reply
> because humans are shit at governing, the only viable way (until someone invents something new) is external control.

No, that's even worse, because, as you admit, humans are shit at governing--and the "external control" is just more humans being shit at governing, but with a much bigger negative impact because the scope of their shitty governing covers many more people.

Advocates of free markets, like me, don't advocate them because we think they solve all problems. We advocate them because, given the fact that humans are shit at governing, free markets are the least worst of the alternatives open to us. Big market players who still have to make money through voluntary transactions do less damage than governments run by humans who are shit at governing. That's the lesson of human history. Unfortunately most of us still haven't learned it, and continue to cling to the foolish belief that somehow calling a bunch of humans a "government" magically makes them no longer shit at governing. It doesn't.

Yizahi
3 months ago
1 reply
My point was not that government is better or worse than corporate oligarchy in a question of governing. It's all the same people, same humans, just with different labels.

My point was that free market is kinda like unstable isotope, it can't exist for any significant length of time and will decay into a government. As soon as some corporation starts dictating its rules to an unrelated people, we can call it a proto-government. The department responsible for those unrelated people would be a proto-executive branch, the law department would be a proto-legislative branch etc.

And to address your second comment, about competition:

Competition can't work in the free market. The instant external control ceases to exist, the most shrewd and smart players would start employing all kinds of currently illegal shit. They will buy out all media and platform to blast their ads 24/7 and disallow all competition. They will swithch to currently banned practices and materials to save costs and undercut competitors. They will switch to slave work to save costs etc. As soon as one player becomes relatively bigger the rules of free market will allow him to accumulate more and more benefits of the kind I've described. Any competition would be woefully behind, outdated and overpriced relative to the bigger player. And that's assuming elastic market. As soon as market for some goods becomes inelastic, bigger player can do even more damage. For example they can completely buy out some resource or manufacturing capacity of a crucial component or resource and completely deny it to the competitors.

Basically the whole human history and law corpus is a list of examples how free market failed and how humans had to fix it via restrictions.

pdonis
3 months ago
> My point was that free market is kinda like unstable isotope, it can't exist for any significant length of time and will decay into a government.

If this is true, I think we're screwed.

I don't think it's actually true, but it is true that in our current world, the number of people who understand the downsides of government and are willing to truly support a free market is miniscule, not even rounding error in the overall numbers.

> Competition can't work in the free market.

You're forgetting that in a free market, all transactions are voluntary. And in a society where that had been true for a long time, and people upheld that principle and acted accordingly, institutions would evolve that are very different from our current ones. David Friedman's The Machinery of Freedom is a book length attempt to imagine what such a society would be like, in some detail. It would not be at all like what you would get if you took our current society and just eliminated the government. Of course that's a stupid idea, because our society has evolved for a long time under the assumption that it has a government, and its institutions have evolved accordingly.

> The instant external control ceases to exist, the most shrewd and smart players would start employing all kinds of currently illegal shit.

To paraphrase David Friedman in a similar context, unfortunately this sentence remains true if you take out the first seven words.

You're describing what happens now, in our current world, which has "external control" up the wazoo--just external control that does what the most shrewd and smart players want it to do. Google, Amazon, Walmart, etc. have all done "all kinds of currently illegal shit", and paid no real price for it. True, they've also made a lot of shit that should be illegal, technically legal, by buying the laws and regulations that favor them. But they've also broken the law, straight up, numerous times, and the government never makes them pay the proper price. They always get away with what for them amounts to a tiny slap on the wrist.

And the situation now is worse than it would be in a free market, because in a free market, at least no one would believe that there was some magical "external control" that would somehow protect them. They would know that it was up to them to simply refuse transactions whose long term cost outweighed whatever short term gain was being dangled in front of them. In our current world, people still believe, even with all the evidence to the contrary, that the government can somehow protect them from all the "currently illegal shit" that the big players get up to. And that "protection" simply isn't there. Government always ends up being just another tool that the big players use to get what they want at the expense of everybody else--and it's an easier tool to use than trying to do it in a true free market would be.

Again, it might be that humans are simply incapable of doing the things that a free market requires at scale. And if that's true, I think we're screwed. In any case, it's not a problem that is solved by having a government.

pdonis
3 months ago
> And do you know why that happened? Because there was no control

Nonsense. It was because the government had control, and could force people to accept that it was giving special privileges to certain players. For example, the railroad barons in the late 19th century US who got the government to give them exclusive access to key routes. The people had no choice about accepting that. In a free market, there would have been competition, and that would have ended up resulting in better service. How do we know that? Because that's what happened until the government stepped in and gave special privileges to certain players.

In other words, your view is exactly backwards to what has actually happened.

TFYS
3 months ago
1 reply
There are probably very few things people wouldn't do if the price is high enough. How many people would refuse to lick a boot for ten million dollars? The bigger the wealth differences become, the harder it is to resist the people with wealth. Wealth is the same thing as power, denying that is silly.
account42
3 months ago
Plus even if you resits the cash incentive yourself, with enough money other people can be bought to impose other kinds of pressures on you.
like_any_other
3 months ago
1 reply
> In what hypothetical world are these not the exact same thing?

A world with laws against monopolies, anti-competitive practices, and media ownership concentration. Not all uses of power are equivalent.

Standard Oil wasn't tamed by taking money from its owner. In fact, even if ownership over the company was dispersed among 10x as many shareholders as before, so long as the company can continue to act as a single entity, the abuse of its monopoly would continue.

fsflover
3 months ago
Enforcing such laws becomes practically impossible when the monopoly becomes wealthier than many countries. Case in point: this court decision. Why do you think it happened? Probably because Google is too wealthy.
bigbadfeline
3 months ago
3 replies
> A world where being rich doesn't grant power over others is one where money isn't money.

First off, my money doesn't grant me power over anybody and it's still money. That leaves only one logically possible version of your statement and the correction looks like this: "A world where being rich doesn't grant power over others is one where big money isn't big money"

In that form, your statement is perfectly logical, if somewhat tautological, but there is another problem with it and it's a real huge one: No textbook has anything like that and no school teaches it either, even the media is vary shy of talking about it.

At a first glance, that's not your problem but it definitely has to be, meaning, you and the people who gold similar views, should become loud public proponents of Speaking Truth to the Powerless (tm).

We can no longer have this cognitive dissonance economics that teaches that money is means of exchange, unit of account, etc, but skips the most important truth: that big money is, first and foremost, a tool of power over small money.

Only after this educational task is complete, your explanation will have the right to exist and be heard.

nielsbot
3 months ago
1 reply
> First off, my money doesn't grant me power over anybody and it's still money

That's not true. Depends on your wealth bracket of course, but money certainly is the power to compel.

Let's say you have a neighbor whose dog is a nuisance barker. With money you can hire an attorney to go after them. If you don't have money, you have to suffer. There are millions of examples... this is just one not-particularly-good one.

idopmstuff
3 months ago
2 replies
I don't think you even have to go to the extreme of compelling someone to do something through the legal system. I can use money to get someone to clean my house or walk my dog - they don't have to do it, but the fact that I have money does give me the power to get them to do what I want.
bpt3
3 months ago
1 reply
Can you compel someone to walk your dog because you have enough money to pay someone to do it, or are they choosing to do it to earn some money?
lucyjojo
3 months ago
1 reply
i mean... if people don't get money they die so....
bpt3
3 months ago
1 reply
So if they want to live, they are compelled to do some sort of work somewhere at some point, which is the nature of the human condition (along with all other living beings).

That doesn't mean you can force them to work for you specifically because you have the amount of money you deem sufficient for a specific task.

It feels like a lot of people have forgotten that this is how nature works, not that all of your needs are the responsibility of everyone around you.

blackqueeriroh
3 months ago
You’re incorrect that being compelled to do work in order to survive is the nature of the human condition and all other living beings.

There is nothing natural about being compelled to work to live It is an artificial and constructed state.

It’s why there are people who have NEVR had to work to live and never will have to.

nielsbot
3 months ago
Absolutely--This was just an example that came to mind in the moment.
palata
3 months ago
1 reply
What the hell are you talking about?

> First off, my money doesn't grant me power over anybody and it's still money.

Sure, but it doesn't invalidate the sentence you quoted. At all. You can't "educate" people if you don't understand basic sentences. Let me quote it again, so that maybe you can try to understand it properly:

> A world where being rich doesn't grant power over others is one where money isn't money.

bigbadfeline
3 months ago
1 reply
> What the hell are you talking about?

I wasn't talking about hell but about logic, apparently our areas of expertise aren't the same.

> A world where being rich doesn't grant power over others is one where money isn't money.

You cannot claim money in general not to be money if the money for the not-rich still function as money without the rich, in other words, you falsely claim that in order for money to work as a means of exchange, it has to grant the rich power over the not-rich.

Your claim is obviously false, plus there have been closed and open societies, since antiquity to this day, which used money giving no additional powers to the rich - the simplest case - when all the power was concentrated elsewhere.

I didn't invalidate your claim, I demonstrated that it's invalid on its own.

palata
3 months ago
1 reply
> A world where being rich doesn't grant power over others is one where money isn't money.

What this means is that they can't imagine a world where having an extreme amount of money does not grant you power over others. As in, if you build a world that has something called "money", but where having more money than a whole country does not give you power over others, then that thing you call "money" is so different from the one we have in our world that it would not count as money in our world at all.

> You cannot claim money in general not to be money if the money for the not-rich still function as money

That is not what they claim, you misunderstand the sentence. It's like if someone said "A implies B" and you answered with "no, because B does not imply A". You would be lacking basic logic skills there.

> you claim that in order for money to work as a means of exchange, it has to grant the rich power over the not-rich.

Nope, not at all. You misunderstand the sentence.

> I didn't invalidate your claim, I demonstrated that it's invalid on its own.

You did nothing of the sort: you just seem to genuinely not understand the sentence you quoted.

And don't get me wrong: it's fine to misunderstand a sentence. What I reacted about was your tone. If you want to talk like this and "educate" people, you better be goddamn right.

bigbadfeline
3 months ago
> You did nothing of the sort: you just seem to genuinely not understand the sentence you quoted.

That might be the case, there's no point in arguing about details which depend on definitions that aren't necessarily shared. Besides, we're using money in a very vague sense that includes wealth - not a good foundation for detailed analysis.

As I originally wrote, can money-in-general exist without power is a minor nitpick, I can readily accept both answers, more so given that money as it exists today can definitely grant power under certain conditions.

The real problem here is the lack of awareness about it, the lack of anything approaching a clear formulation of it and the absence of that topic from education and public discourse in general.

I would love to see the proponents of "more power to money" approach go public and explain their ideas while emphasizing that foundation.

thrance
3 months ago
> First off, my money doesn't grant me power over anybody and it's still money.

Of course it does. Call the cleaning service, see if your money can't compel someone to come clean your house while you sit on your ass. Or more indirectly, try to picture the chinese kid making your shoes for a meager wage, and try to explain what, if not your money, is compelling them to do so this menial, repetitive and unfulfilling task for you.

gspencley
3 months ago
2 replies
> Money is a unit of exchange that exists to compel action. That's the point of it

Citation required.

Money is an intermediary form of exchange. It arises organically because if, for example, you are a dairy farmer, there is no practical way for you to a) save enough milk to barter for a house (not only is it perishable but where do you store it all? Especially before refrigeration) and b) find someone with a house they want to trade for that much milk.

Money is just a commodity and in the absence of fiat currency it arises organically. People tend to seek intermediary forms of exchange that are non-perishable, easily divisible, transportable and difficult to forge/counterfeit because it is a necessity of life.

You simply cannot practically barter everything you'd ever want to trade. So instead we humans trade what we produce for something we can stash away and trade later more easily.

Money is not an invention to compel action. It is a natural product of trade that arises because most people, when they're not too busy spouting ideological drivel on Internet forums, have common sense.

TheCoelacanth
3 months ago
That's not how barter really worked in practice.

Pre-modern societies generally had very little currency and only used it for large transactions. Smaller transactions happened through debt and transfers of debt.

The transaction wouldn't be "I give you a bunch of milk and you give me a house" it would be "You give me the house and I'll give you milk every day for the next 5 years" or something like that.

Or it might be "Bob owes me a calf the next time his cow gives birth. I'll transfer that debt to you and give you eggs for a year and you give me the house."

Vendors who have debt relationships with a very large number of people would often get together with other vendors and swap debts to consolidate them into a more manageable number of debts.

Even if the debt was denominated in units of currency, it was typically settled in goods rather than currency because typical people just didn't have access to much currency.

NoGravitas
3 months ago
The barter myth is just that, a myth. Barter has never been observed in any society that had not previously been using money. Money, in fact, appears to arise not organically, but from the need early states to maintain standing armies. Creating markets denominated in currency allows you to simply pay your troops rather than maintaining their entire supply chain even when not on the march. And then requiring that taxes be paid in currency gives everyone a reason to accept currency for payment. It transforms your entire economy into a machine for feeding soldiers. This is not a thought experiment like the barter myth; it is documented in ancient sources from India, Mesopotamia, and China.

An article treatment: https://archive.is/20250725000932/https://www.theatlantic.co...

A book treatment (that of course covers many other things): https://archive.org/details/DebtTheFirst5000Years

branko_d
3 months ago
1 reply
Can Elon Musk confiscate your property, limit your freedom of movement, or outright kill you?

There were times in history where having a lot of money was correlated to having all those powers. There are places in this world where that’s still the case.

lucyjojo
3 months ago
if he wanted to he very probably de-facto could.
tripletpeaks
3 months ago
If I read their post correctly, they’re saying they wouldn’t mind rich people if money didn’t… do the stuff that money does. But it does, so they do.

Like yes I think if money didn’t confer incredible power over others and distortionary effects over the shared environment, and allow crazy-wide reach for one’s possibly-nutty beliefs, lots of people wouldn’t have so big a problem with the ultra-rich. Like if the money were just a score on a pinball machine high score table. Cool, you hit a billion, good for you, glad you’re so good at the game, that’s nice. Not a lot of people would mind that so much. But that’s not how money works.

zdragnar
3 months ago
Being rich is a measure of wealth. In a world in which there is no resource scarcity and everyone has access to lots of resources, everyone is rich but not necessarily more rich or powerful than anyone else.

The average person today is much wealthier than many rich people from generations ago, even if they have less social power.

Being disproportionately powerful is tautologically a direct measure of disproportionate influence.

Tin pot dictators of resource-poor nations may not be especially wealthy compared to the very wealthy in the US, but typically have more disproportionate power (within their own country at least).

JKCalhoun
3 months ago
2 replies
> We need strong laws that reduce the voice of money and increase the voice of individuals.

Seeing the how flaccid "strong" laws have become, I prefer we go back to reducing the voice of money by taxing it away. Maybe our country could then finally have nice things.

culopatin
3 months ago
6 replies
What do you do when all the money goes away to countries that don’t tax them that hard?
spongebobstoes
3 months ago
1 reply
why do you think that will happen? how could that scenario be prevented, while still taxing money?

if you put more effort into making your point, I'm sure you could get better engagement

Workaccount2
3 months ago
2 replies
Look at what Texas has been doing to California.

People who assign billionaires as being the living manifestation of greed are somehow quick to hand wave away "billionaires will move to protect their wealth".

p_j_w
3 months ago
> Look at what Texas has been doing to California.

What might that be? California is still at the forefront of every technological innovation this country is seeing while Texas is at the forefront of theocracy.

California may be seeing a smaller share of the world’s innovation in the past, but that hasn’t moved to Texas, it’s moved to China.

thoroughburro
3 months ago
We should be so lucky. They are leeches.
nielsbot
3 months ago
2 replies
I say "see ya!" and wave goodbye.

You think people living in NYC, for example, the financial (and one of the major cultural capitals) of the entire world (not to mention all the other benefits of US residency) are going to bother with packing up their lives and moving overseas because the taxes are too high? Not to mention these people will still have obscene wealth in all likelihood.

Some might, but I don't think we should wring our hands over it.

Rather than worrying about "capital flight" let's instead imaging all the good that could come of us having a more more equal wealth and income distribution.

hollerith
3 months ago
2 replies
Maybe the reason it is the financial capital of the entire world is that historically the tax regime let people keep most of the money they earned.
TimorousBestie
3 months ago
1 reply
Income tax rates and corporate tax rates were higher during the post-war era than they are now.
bpt3
3 months ago
1 reply
Effective tax rates weren't much different, which is what matters.
TimorousBestie
3 months ago
1 reply
The effective income tax rate was still on the whole higher for the wealthy in the 20th century. Depending on where you put the percentile cutoff, I’m seeing peak-to-troughs between 5-20%.
hollerith
3 months ago
And the reason most governments reduced the rate was because economists argued that the higher rate reduces economic activity so much that total tax revenue (collected by the government) is actually higher at the reduced rate. Look up the "Laffer curve".
p_j_w
3 months ago
Have you any evidence for this proposition?
bpt3
3 months ago
1 reply
Yes, they've been moving to Florida in droves for the last decade plus.

Eventually you'll run out of other people's money to spend, and will be forced to face the reality of your own self-sufficiency.

fireflash38
3 months ago
1 reply
Ah yes we're held hostage by the rich. Do what we say, or we take our ball and go home.
bpt3
3 months ago
If you're going to balance your budget on their backs, yes: https://taxfoundation.org/blog/one-rich-guy-moves-new-jersey...

Europe figured this out long ago and has a very broad tax base (aka higher taxes on the middle class) to fund their social welfare programs but somehow you never see that proposed as a solution by the middle class in the US...

alexashka
3 months ago
Anyone that wants to take their money and leave and never come back ought to be encouraged to do so as soon as possible.

The never come back bit solves the imaginary problem you mention.

account42
3 months ago
You tax them on the way out. Plus any transactions to/from tax havens.
heavyset_go
3 months ago
The point of being wealthy is that you don't have to care about shit like that. You can be taxed at 90% land still have more money than you could spend in a thousand lifetimes.

Until the early 1980s, the highest tax bracket was taxed at 70%, and before that even more.

actionfromafar
3 months ago
It used to be that the US had unique ways of dealing with that, by virtue of its sheer size and dominance. But nowadays the ballon is leaking power from both ends, soft and hard.
nielsbot
3 months ago
Agreed. (I'm all in on confiscatory taxation.) No one person should be allowed to accumulate so much power and wealth.
orwin
3 months ago
Yes, ideologically, i had no issue with people being rich, it's people having undue power over other people that i found morally wrong. I was a libertatian almost in the american meaning of the word, a liberal libertarian. Then, i tried to put my ideas real conditions, and came to the realisation that as long as money could buy you power, you can never be free. I don't realistically see how we can limit money influence on power, when you can offshore your company in two days, so in a practical manner, the only way to limit how rich one can get, until we figure out the rest.
NoMoreNicksLeft
3 months ago
4 replies
> The kind of power that comes with billions of dollars just doesnt work with justice or democracy.

The government has billions of dollars. Thankfully government officials are immune to the corrupting influence of billions of dollars.

BizarroLand
3 months ago
If you ever need to see what a false equivalence is, look at this comment
nielsbot
3 months ago
The bad part is that congress is bought so cheaply. Not with billions.

Under our current system you have to be daft to not invest in buying the government--it's a great return on your investment!

johannes1234321
3 months ago
Budget (in theory) is controlled by Congress, this is a bunch of people with their agendas who aim for being reelected.

The true billionaire doesn't have anybody else to ask and can finance the campaign to get somebody (not) elected.

1718627440
3 months ago
The government hands out the money. It has as much money wealth as the economy it governs is able to provide.
thegreatpeter
3 months ago
1 reply
Plenty of billionaires all over Europe. Relative to salaries the spread is quite worse. Democracy there is perfect
bbreier
3 months ago
1 reply
As far as I am aware, wealth inequality is significantly better in Europe than it is in the United States (https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/wealth-in... as an example) and I still wouldn't characterize democracy in Europe as "perfect" even if we narrowly define the rubrick to be only concerned with money tipping the scales of power
aetherson
3 months ago
1 reply
That site is weird. As far as I can tell, it's measuring income inequality, not wealth inequality, and it doesn't... appear to know the difference? Quoting it:

> The Gini index, or Gini coefficient, is a statistical measure of wealth distribution developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini. The Gini index is used to gauge economic inequality by measuring income distribution, also called wealth distribution.

It's a kinda big red flag if they say that income and wealth are the same thing!

There are a few notable cases of European countries having very high wealth inequality despite lower income inequality (my take which may not be shared by many: having low income inequality makes it hard for people who aren't generationally wealthy to overcome old money). Notably, Sweden has a higher wealth inequality than the United States.

However, I don't think it's true that Europe in general has higher wealth inequality than the United States. Here's the wikipedia list: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_we...

lotsofpulp
3 months ago
> It's a kinda big red flag if they say that income and wealth are the same thing!

Wealthy and old people love when income is used as a stand in for wealth. It deflects political action onto the young and hard/smart working, and helps keep their dynasties and rent seeking assets intact.

tart-lemonade
3 months ago
2 replies
It also doesn't work when the media is either striving to uphold the status quo that got us here or actively going out of its way to try and make things worse.
bilbo0s
3 months ago
Isn't "the media" really just, the rich?

From WSJ and The Economist, to CNN, BBC and FOX, right on through to Youtube podcasts.

cut3
3 months ago
you mean the megaphones owned by the rich?
AnthonyMouse
3 months ago
2 replies
> Americans have allowed the rich to become too wealthy.

This consistently happens in a very specific way. A corporation that dominates a concentrated market becomes excessively large, which makes its early shareholders billionaires.

In other words, if you want to change this, you need to enforce antitrust laws and break up large corporations.

nielsbot
3 months ago
2 replies
As well as tax like we used to in the 50s. (Ok, we can argue about the specifics, but you get the idea)
actionfromafar
3 months ago
1 reply
Yeah, the regressives (can't call them conservatives anymore with a straight face) never want to go back to that part of the 50s, for some odd reason.
account42
3 months ago
1 reply
This othersideism helps no one. Your beloved democrats haven't squat to reign in big tech either.
actionfromafar
3 months ago
1 reply
What should we do? Where do we go from here?
AnthonyMouse
3 months ago
1 reply
Stop trying to pretend that higher taxes on Larry Page or the estate of Steve Jobs would change the size of Google or Apple and instead break them up.
nielsbot
3 months ago
We can (in theory) do both.
bpt3
3 months ago
1 reply
Look at the effective tax rates and get back to me.

You have a lot of thoughts on something you know very little about.

nielsbot
3 months ago
2 replies
Are you're saying nominal tax rates have no correlation to effective tax rates? (Also, I am in favor of closing tax loopholes.)
bpt3
3 months ago
2 replies
No, I'm saying that the marginal rates you're salivating over produced effective rates on the highest earners that weren't much different from today.
nielsbot
3 months ago
2 replies
But does that mean we shouldn't raise taxes?

"Effective Income Tax Rates Have Fallen for The Top One Percent Since World War II" https://taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/effective-income-tax-rate...

bpt3
3 months ago
1 reply
It just means to me that you haven't put much thought into this.

What about the federal government gives you the impression that they'd be responsible stewards of the money you want to confiscate and redistribute?

nielsbot
3 months ago
1 reply
That's not a point, actually. The only people who haven't thought this through are libertarians.

The government does lots of things well. That's why those in power are trying to destroy it right now.

Here's where you go "But it's not perfect, therefore it can't work." or maybe "all taxation is theft".

bpt3
3 months ago
Keep deflecting.

It's clear you have very little historical or economic knowledge about taxation, and it seems like the sum total of your thoughts on the matter is: taking money from people I don't like makes me feel good.

AnthonyMouse
3 months ago
> "Effective Income Tax Rates Have Fallen for The Top One Percent Since World War II"

That link has an agenda. Choosing the height of WWII as the baseline is cherry picking. Effective rates were higher during WWII than they were before or since, but that was eight decades ago, not for very long, and for an obvious reason.

They're also achieving even that much difference by applying speculative math to capital gains, which is meaningless because doing that in real life would result in major behavioral changes.

And it's still not clear how any of that is supposed to solve it. Suppose the founder of MegaCorp has to sell more of their shares to pay the money in tax. They sell them to BlackRock or China or whatever. Is that going to cause MegaCorp's lobbyists to stop trying to capture the government? How? You need there to be more, smaller companies, not change who owns the shares of the predatory megacorps.

AnthonyMouse
3 months ago
It seems like I post this graph here a lot. Federal receipts as a percent of GDP:

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFRGDA188S

Basically flat since WWII, despite significant growth in GDP per capita, and before that it was lower.

The high marginal rates in the mid-20th century were fictional because at the time there were so many loopholes that nobody actually paid them. If you think there are a lot of loopholes now, you have no idea. When the marginal rates were lowered, enough of the loopholes were closed at the same time that if you tried to guess when it happened by looking at that graph, you wouldn't be able to tell.

Also, some of the loopholes are still there, but what does that imply for the theory that lower rates are the relevant change? When Richie Rich (or Microsoft) is claiming no taxable income, 60% of nothing is the same as 20% of nothing.

But if that isn't the change, what is? Well, in 1995 the largest company by market cap was GE at ~$92B. In today's dollars that's ~$197B. The largest company today is $4154B. More than 2000% bigger even adjusted for inflation.

And it's the corporations buying the politicians anyway. Who is paying the money, Larry Page or Google? It's Google. If the company is that big, it doesn't matter if it's owned by one person or a million, the CEO has control of enough resources to buy the government, and then does.

Make business small again.

JumpCrisscross
3 months ago
> you're saying nominal tax rates have no correlation to effective tax rates?

For the rich, yes. Across societies. Despotic regimes have ridiculously high nominal tax rates because they just steal stuff, but that only applies to the poor.

andrekandre
3 months ago

  > enforce antitrust laws and break up large corporations
agreed, but there is a problem when a corporation becomes strategically important to a country; now the incentive is to protect it all costs (though ironically too-big-to-fail can also be a strategic/security issue!)
worik
3 months ago
There is no sin in being rich

It is a sin to be poor

There being poor, is the sin of the rich

drivebyhooting
3 months ago
4 replies
Can I opt out from having my data shared with other companies? Or will some kind of privacy framework like ATT be applied to it?
vkou
3 months ago
1 reply
> Can I opt out from having my data shared with other companies?

Sure, the easiest way you can do that is to move to Europe and petition its regulators to further tighten the screws. They might actually listen.

drivebyhooting
3 months ago
1 reply
How is moving to Europe the easiest solution? What about my family and life?
vkou
3 months ago
> How is moving to Europe the easiest solution?

Because this can only be solved through legislature, and no matter what black swan event happens, there is no future in which the US legislature will take this problem seriously.

socalgal2
3 months ago
2 replies
Google doesn't share your data with other companies.
add-sub-mul-div
3 months ago
1 reply
I've literally written code that takes the firehose of data Google shares "anonymously" and deanonymizes it. They share data, it's just too obfuscated for people to understand it's happening. If this wasn't happening there wouldn't be a million companies in the ad tech space.
socalgal2
3 months ago
code as proof?
const_cast
3 months ago
They share your data to anyone with a pulse. Actually, pulse optional! Programs can consume it too.
inetknght
3 months ago
Would you be shocked to learn that neither will happen?
wmf
3 months ago
I think it's aggregate data so it's not really yours.
msarrel
3 months ago
1 reply
[flagged]
tomhow
3 months ago
Please don't post unsubstantive comments like this to HN.
davmre
3 months ago
2 replies
> The government doesn't have to win an antitrust trial in order to create competition. As the saying goes, "the process is the punishment."

Regardless of what you think of Google or this case specifically, this is an argument for authoritarianism: that it is legitimate for the government to "punish" any company at will, based only on them falling into political disfavor.

> ... the only punishment Google would have to bear from this trial would come after the government won its case, when the judge decided on a punishment (the term of art is "remedy") for Google.

Yes, this is called the rule of law. Punishment comes through the courts, after a guilty verdict. The government has to actually win the argument as to what remedies would be proportionate under the law. In this case the judge didn't buy it. It's fine to disagree with his reasoning (or with the law), but the fantasizing about extrajudicial punishment here is frankly un-American.

ratherbefuddled
3 months ago
1 reply
There's very little reason that Google should have been protected from the evidence of its wrongdoing being made public. That's not extrajudicial punishment, that is public record. Justice should be seen to be done as well as done.

Who can know how appropriate or not the remedy was when the evidence is hidden?

For full disclosure: I'm neither a google employee nor a US citizen.

davmre
3 months ago
1 reply
Sure, there's a strong public interest in having proceedings on record. US civil cases are supposed to have a presumption of openness, which the judge weighs against other interests, like protecting trade secrets, confidential business information, privacy of third parties, etc.

The public record argument is fine; it's just a different argument than the extrajudicial punishment advocated by the original post.

NotPractical
3 months ago
1 reply
I think the extrajudicial punishment he's advocating for is the wrath of the court of public opinion though? Unless I'm misreading.
davmre
3 months ago
1 reply
The public interest is in judging the trial process, not in judging the defendant.

Suppose the government charges you with murder, searches your house, and finds your sex toy collection. At trial they present some elaborate thesis about how you used a sex toy to kill someone, but do not convince the jury, so you're found not guilty. The public has a legitimate interest in judging that the trial was handled with integrity and that the correct verdict was reached. They do not have a legitimate interest in judging you based on whatever private information presented at trial might in some way embarrass you (eg, photos of your sex toy collection). On balance, it could be that the public-record interest does in fact justify making public the evidence of the sex toys, but you have to justify it on those terms. The transparency is not itself intended to be punitive.

ratherbefuddled
3 months ago
We are talking about an extremely powerful corporation in an antitrust case not a person. It does not need to be defended in this way, which is a level of protection rarely afforded to individuals.

There is a definite public interest in understanding how Google conducts itself given the reach and impact it has.

There is no way for the public to have confidence in the trial process if it is conducted in secret, and given the outcome every reason to question the process.

I'm surprised anybody objective would defend this.

protocolture
3 months ago
1 reply
>This is an argument for authoritarianism, that the government should be able to "punish" any company at will based only on them falling into political disfavor.

No its more like, the process of transparency harms the company enough that they will shift their own mentality to ensure they never have to participate in a transparent process.

davmre
3 months ago
1 reply
If there's a general standard of transparency applied to all companies, fine. There are costs to increasing transparency, but certainly you could argue for that policy.

The argument that we should cheer on the use of government power to target a specific company, to selectively expose their dirty laundry as punishment for a crime they have not been convicted of, is what I found noxious in the original post.

protocolture
3 months ago
1 reply
The direct reference was Bill Gates being forced to testify about internet explorer. Its hard to argue with that particular case. There are very few people who argue that the results of that intervention were unwarranted.

I do find it a bit curious however, where later in the article theres a discussion about explicit collusion between corporates and the government. I vastly prefer the state and corps to be at odds with each other, than in bed with each other. Do any of the allegations towards the end register on your authoritarianismometer?

davmre
3 months ago
1 reply
Regardless of the effects, I don't think the case against MS was brought with the intent to "punish" MS through the trial process. The government brought the case because it thought it could win, it did win, and a judicial remedy was imposed. Trials are inherently unpleasant, but a just system tries to minimize this, not exploit it.

Any unjust policy (including just dispensing with trials altogether and allowing the executive to arbitrarily break up companies) will get to the 'desirable' outcome in some cases. That doesn't make it a just policy.

The specific allegation in the post is that the Trump administration will not appeal the verdict because Sundar gave $1M to Trump's inauguration. As far as I know, the government has not yet indicated whether it will appeal, so the claim that "Trump just paid him back, 40,000 times over" is in fact not true. (whether it becomes true at some point in the future, it was a falsehood at the time the author wrote it). It's also quite plausible that a Republican administration wouldn't appeal the verdict just due to being more pro-business in general, even without explicit corruption. But it's precisely because we have such a corrupt executive that it becomes all the more important to stick up for the rule of law. The correct response to authoritarianism is not to advocate for more authoritarianism!

protocolture
3 months ago
>Regardless of the effects, I don't think the case against MS was brought with the intent to "punish" MS through the trial process. The government brought the case because it thought it could win, it did win, and a judicial remedy was imposed. Trials are inherently unpleasant, but a just system tries to minimize this, not exploit it.

Maybe. But then why was the google case actively sheltered and hidden from the public. The optics were considered in at least one of these cases.

guyzero
3 months ago
4 replies
I generally like Doctorow's writing and agree with a lot of what he says here, but:

"Google has stolen every fact about our lives, in service to propping up a monopoly that lets it steal our money, too."

I still have all the facts about my life and I don't think any money has been stolen. I get that this is rhetorical, but he's gone over the edge here.

gleenn
3 months ago
1 reply
I think your phrase choice is also quite funny. Obviously a fact isn't physically stolen, it has been surveilled and sold to the highest bidder. Every fair chance a competitor had to offer you something better was taken from you, it just wasn't done in front of your face. And that data is becoming more and more valuable as we speak as all this AI data race heats up.
tomComb
3 months ago
1 reply
> and sold to the highest bidder.

Yikes, you are doing it too. Does accuracy in prose not count anymore?

When you have a strong case you shouldn’t have to bend the facts.

gleenn
3 months ago
1 reply
Google Adwords is quite literally using the data they have harvested from you and selling ad placements based on it to the highest bidder in its ad auction system. There was zero hyperbole in that statement.
tomComb
3 months ago
1 reply
> using the data they have harvested from you and selling ad placements

You changed what you wrote to make it accurate now, but refused to admit that and instead just prepended it with "literally"!

Wonderfully ironic given that we are talking about being accurate in your writing!

gleenn
3 months ago
1 reply
Can you please be specific what I changed? I meant every single word exactly in the first post as in the second. Both are completely accurate. What exactly did I change with any substance?
tomComb
3 months ago
You said the fact was sold to the highest bidder, which implies that they sell your data. Which is something that most people believe because people use language like you have. But it isn’t true.

The second time you were much more accurate. You wouldn’t have even had to restate it differently if the first time had been accurate.

BizarroLand
3 months ago
1 reply
That's among the worst takes I've ever seen.

"Oh, a company knows literally everything about me and clandestinely sells that information to the highest bidder in order to target every facet of my existence so that multinational conglomerations can extract every erg of value from every heartbeat of my existence, but that's cool because I also know that information"

Geez.

incompatible
3 months ago
It's basically a language quibble, that copying data is never "stealing", also in the copyright-violation context. I suppose they'd be happy with a rewording.
dumbledoren
3 months ago
Google became a monopoly in search, advertising and various other things. It uses all of those to extract money from everyone, especially the advertisers with absolutely no accountability. All the large and small businesses have to jack up prices to make up for the money that Google extracts from them through those monopolies, and then reflect that expense on the consumer. Just go to reddits like r/ppc or r/googleads. Google became a company that single handedly amplifies inflation during its endless extraction of profit.
fsflover
3 months ago
> I still have all the facts about my life

No, you don't. Google knows more about you than yourself: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26639261, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2840916, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1584589

AceJohnny2
3 months ago
1 reply
> One of the facts established in the verdict was that Google had been slipping Apple more than $20b/year in exchange for which, Apple forbore from making a competing search engine.

Didn't Apple say that 1) they weren't interested in being in the Search Engine business 2) (in testimony) Google was by far the best search engine that they were going to use anyway ?

Certainly, $20B/Y weighs on the scale, but knowing Apple's negotiation tactics they could also have used their weight to do what they wanted anyhow and get paid handsomely for it (<waggle waggle> "if you don't pay us we might start using other defaults and you'll lose that lucrative iOS market")

My point is, while Google is clearly at fault in this whole situation, it's not quite as moustache-twirling evil as Doctorow paints it.

isleyaardvark
3 months ago
3 replies
His quote is stunningly disingenuous, I'm surprised to hear that coming from Doctorow.

That Google has paid Apple to be the default search engine was a business deal that has been open knowledge for a decade or more. Other search engines could've paid to be the default. Apple didn't have a search engine when they created the iPhone, and why would they start? Ever? MS didn't do so well. And why would Apple want to make their own search engine? Even if Apple did, the reaction would certainly be that Apple was abusing their position to promote their own search engine and would be committing an anti-trust violation then.

Also I think it's safe to say there is no actual testimony about a quid pro quo arrangement to get Apple to agree to not make a search engine.

onlypassingthru
3 months ago
1 reply
Can you explain why Google Android can use Google search but Apple iOS can't use Apple search because that would be an anti-trust violation?
b_e_n_t_o_n
3 months ago
Probably the same reason why iOS can have Safari installed as default but MS got in trouble for IE years ago. These laws are applied very inconsistently.
rtpg
3 months ago
> Apple didn't have a search engine when they created the iPhone, and why would they start? Ever?

I mean Apple Maps happened. Is it the same scale of problem? No, because Street View is harder than search in some sense! In all seriousness it's not the same problem, but it's something.

$20B/year is real money, and I have a very easy time imagining that squashing the idea at all (even if the intent on Google's side is "simply" to maintain dominance, and not squash out competition from Apple specifically)

rufo
3 months ago
> One of the facts established in the verdict was that Google had been slipping Apple more than $20b/year...

While the payments were public knowledge and there was speculation about the amount being somewhere between $8B and $12B, the number had never been confirmed until unsealed in the case, was more than the previous speculation, and was something both Google and Apple wanted to keep under wraps: https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/2/24147007/google-paid-apple...

Thus, it's a fact that was established in the verdict. "Slipping" is possibly a stretch, given the deal itself was at least publicly known? - though the fact both parties wanted to avoid discussion of the deal since its inception makes it feel at least somewhat evasive, so I can see what the word choice gestures towards.

> ...in exchange for which, Apple forbore from making a competing search engine.

From https://www.justice.gov/atr/media/1402141/dl?inline=:

> Cutting off all search-related payments from Google to Apple would strongly alter Apple’s incentives. Rem. Tr. 3825:7–3829:2 (Cue (Apple)) (Apple’s SVP of Services “can’t say [he] would disagree” that “it was a disincentive for us to do a search engine based on the payments that we were receiving from Google”)

> forbear: politely or patiently restrain an impulse to do something; refrain

That seems like a reasonable description of what Eddy Cue stated to me. It certainly wasn't part of the wording of the deal, but if I were Eddy, I'd probably refrain from building a search engine in his shoes.

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