Scientists Produce Powerhouse Pigment Behind Octopus Camouflage

>The study authors said their discovery is significant, not just for understanding this unique pigment — which sheds light into the biology and chemistry of the animal kingdom — but also because the technique they used could be applied to many other chemicals, potentially helping industries move away from fossil fuel-based materials toward nature-based alternatives.

That's a huge outcome.

Pretty amazing technique. I think that's the biggest breakthrough here. They figured out how to much more effectively enable the production of biomolecules from bacteria or other living cells by linking their production to the cell's survival. This technique will most certainly be of keen and immediate interest to so many groups around the world. Key section:

> Typically, when researchers try to get a microbe to produce a foreign compound, it creates a major metabolic burden. Without significant genetic manipulation, the microbe resists diverting its essential resources to produce something unfamiliar.

> By linking the cell’s survival to the production of their target compound, the team was able to trick the microbe into creating xanthommatin. To do this, they started with a genetically engineered “sick” cell, one that could only survive if it produced both the desired pigment, along with a second chemical called formic acid. For every molecule of pigment generated, the cell also produced one molecule of formic acid. The formic acid, in turn, provides fuel for the cell’s growth, creating a self-sustaining loop that drives pigment production.

> “We made it such that activity through this pathway, of making the compound of interest, is absolutely essential for life. If the organism doesn't make xanthommatin, it won't grow,” said Bushin.

Very cool. The story is really about how they get the pigment, as opposed to the pigment, itself.

Could have some interesting applications.

> natural sunscreens

That could make Beach Day interesting.