EU Takes Aim at Plastic Pellets to Prevent Their Nightmare Cleanup
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The EU is proposing regulations to prevent the leakage of plastic pellets into the environment, a problem that has sparked concern and debate among commenters about the impact of plastic on ecosystems and the need for stricter regulations.
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I doubt you could make a hard enough cellulose pellet, maybe it's possible but costly, idk.
https://www.iso.org/standard/57902.html
"Bio" BBs are made out of PLA:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid
And typically made out of corn or manioc starch, or even cane sugar.
Precise weight is controlled via barium sulfate.
There's a small coating of varnish to make it smooth as well as a bit more resistant to external conditions, otherwise they would degrade too quickly.
There is a new manufacturer called Terra that has apparently made “true” biodegradable Airsoft pellets
Lactic acid is in milk/yogurt/etc.
Thinking of PLA, for me at least, it's fine if it takes years instead of weeks, as long as it's fundamentally vulnerable to common bio-chemical attack and the monomers aren't toxic. That's not the stuff that's causing issues, I think.
Just like every plastic marketed as biodegradable. I feel like most of the "biodegradable"/"eco-friendly" products rushed to the markets in the wake of stricter regulations are worse for the environment since they either require significantly more resources (especially water) to produce, extremely complicated special setups to dispose of, or even both.
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/08/environmenta...
Obvs, uk gov does nothing
It's really quite sad. I just wish people would work together to compromise but it seems all over the world there's this intense tribal effect. I guess evolution is to blame, we never evolved to live in such large groups as we are now and as individuals modern life is far too complicated to have enough attention span to worry about every little thing, especially when governments and corporations often purposefully make it very difficult.
Then maybe this is the problem? And the solution to build smaller societies again where the individual can have meaningful impact and not give up from the start to even try to move the buerocratic leviathan even a little bit in the right direction?
There are significant efficiency gains to be had with increasing organizational and operational sizes, the problem is many people assume those gains will benefit everyone, at least partially, rather than the more common reality of all that efficiency being redirected towards the personal gains of a few. And billions of dollars are spent year after year to convince the common people that they will get screwed more if they don't allow it to happen because all the efficiency gains, that they have never actually experienced, will disappear.
Obviously all empires want to grow and devour the independent small states/societies and this is what happened and this is why only gigantic states(and those small ones siding with them) stand a chance today.
But a often tried out concept is that of federation. Meaning (semi) autonomous entieties get together for common benefits, like military defense and infrastructure. But of course also those have a tendency to turn into empires.
(The Delian League in ancient greece comes to mind, or well the russian federation today. )
But that does not mean it must be always like this. I believe there is a sweet spot that can be achieved and stays stable. But the current Zeitgeist seems to head in another direction.
- too many immigrants
- too many small boat arrivals
- the existence of billionaires
- too much tax
- too little tax
- UK membership in NATO
- UK being too weak in NATO
- too much smut online that kids can see
- too many attempts to control the web
Agreeing on which of those "need to be fixed" is the essence of politics. There are no universally accepted answers.
The current government, for all its failings, is focusing on fundamentals: get building again; repair public finances to then invest into infrastructure; repair international relationships. To that end, they are calling projects in right and left, pushing the planning bill through the parliament, rising taxes (which is utterly necessary!), reforming the NHS (online appointments are coming), talking to businesses, building nuclear power plants, striking deals with allies (Norway just ordered £10bn worth of frigates, AUKUS is steaming ahead), and forging new alliances (Japan has just deployed their air force to the UK, their first European deployment in 71 years).
This is the opposite of populism, in fact a lot of that is making them unpopular in the short term. Yet it's the first time in more than a decade when we have a government that does those things. We got populists out and let's-do-serious-work-on-fundamentals people in, and now people complain that they aren't populist enough.
A big part of the problem with the UK is exactly that; since 2015, the UK has been lurching from crisis to crisis, and more or less ignoring actually keeping the country running (keeping the country running is boring, Brexit is not boring, and so on).
The government is trying to focus on boring, annoying things and is getting rubbished for it. Doesn't bode well for other governments trying to do the same, does it
They’ll say they are making hard, necessary decisions, but the truth is that ramming up taxes is the default mode easy decision for labour.
In 2024 there were about 34 million cars registered in the UK and Motability had a fleet of 815,000. Are you telling me that the 3.5 million PIP recipients are using their payments to fund 2-3 cars each outside the Motability scheme?
(Motability buys about 1 in 5 of the new cars registered in the UK.)
It seems like people are vastly overestimating the amount of money being wasted. If it was that easy, it would have probably been done. In serious circles (outside overt MAGA propaganda ecosystem) I believe DOGE is considered quite a failure.
I'd be much more sympathetic to a tax system reform as it seems that in democracies, there is a vast amount of tax "gerrymandering" in order to favor your voter base... but of course no politician wants to remove that option
This remarkable result was achieved by the backdoor: successive conservative governments obscured the stagnation by constantly increasing the personal allowance far in advance of the inflation. This bought them votes [1], but as a result we have a baroque tax system that tries to squeeze tax from less visible, often counter-productive places, and still doesn't collect nearly enough to cover necessary expenses. After a decade of cuts, every public service is cut to the bone, and there's no money to invest into hospitals, roads, or trains to increase the overall productivity.
PIP bullshit is a drop in the bucket compared to that.
[1]: https://www.reddit.com/r/HENRYUK/comments/1jsyzip/tax_rates_...
Honestly I think all of them need to be fixed. You might think they are contradicting, but I think that is only a way to make people be angry at each other, and not starting to demand really fixing things.
You are implying division among the public when in fact the division is sown by the billionaire/corporate media agendas, not real people:
- too many immigrants - too many small boat arrivals
All parties and a majority of the public agree on these points (polling shows). The details of how to tackle small boats and relative importance differ, but I don't think anyone wants to see large numbers of people crossing Europe.
- the existence of billionaires
Most of "the left" don't care about billionaires existing, they worry they exert an outside influence on our politics and skew market fairness. There's common ground with many on the populist right here. The only people who don't want us to think about these issues are corporate shills.
- too much tax - too little tax
This is a largely manufactured concern and reflects corporate interests or interests of the rich. The difference between Corbyn' 'wild' taxation plans and Johnson's was much smaller (as a portion of GDP) than that between the UK and France, German, any other northern euro country. Our debate around tax is hugely parochial, and concern largely used as a stick to beat the left with.
- UK membership in NATO - UK being too weak in NATO
I'm not sure how many people are worried about UK being in NATO. Would love to see polling data showing this as anything other than a very fringe concern. In fact Ukraine and Russian threat has made defence spending much _less_ controversial than since the cold war.
- too much smut online that kids can see - too many attempts to control the web
Polling shows the first is a majority concern, the latter not so much (this is a HN bubble). This is not a wedge issue.
The thing you missed is culture war bullshit (who is a 'real woman' etc)... but again, most people are either nonplussed or in the thrall of Russian chatbots and the MAGA trolls infecting uk online discourse. It's not something people really care about.
I really don't see any major western democracy being exempt from this.
Especially now that demographics have shifted and our populations get older it's hard to be elected unless you cater about what older folks care and don't care about. This makes long-term planning very difficult, as older folks couldn't care less with spend gargantuan money today so situation is improved decades from now.
That in the backdrop of a press who are actively working against the best interests of the country (they serve their often foreign billionaire owners).
I would give us a chance if we had an extremely charismatic and rational progressive in charge but we don't. Starmer is an admirable person but he doesn't have the charisma or the vision needed to get us out of this mess. Thirty years ago he would have been a "One Britain" Tory.
The UK progressives - the Lib Dems and the Greens - have absolutely no chance electorally and the media is pushing the far-right Russian-funded Reform Party as a "solution" and I'm worried that enough low-information voters will fall for it.
And since they recently overtook the blue Labour, it's actually possible to hope again.
So to say, "uk gov does nothing" is simply not true. The Labour government has started doing things. However, it's starting from a place where the previous Conservative government functionally removed all legal requirements. In particular, Liz Truss in the same role issued instruction that water companies no longer need to monitor sewage outflows and can just self-report.
EDIT: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/water-special-mea...
How many executives has the UK government sought to prosecute under this law?
That's a totally absurd statement in response to "the current government put a new law on the books to give themselves the power to prosecute."
> How many executives has the UK government sought to prosecute under this law?
As stated in my original reply: it came into force in February 2025. It's currently November 2025. It takes time to commit "multiple" offences, particularly given they need to be investigated and convicted. And no, dumping sewage twice doesn't automatically count under any legal regime.
In addition, DEFRA identified that Ofwat (the water regulator) is not fit for purpose in July 2025 and set out a proposal to abolish and replace it.
So yes, it does contradict your statement because the government is literally acting. What would you propose happen instead? That the government hold show trials and just start locking up water company staff and execs?
They're small plastic beads uses to provide a large surface area for biological decomposition of waste in wastewater plants as water flows though big mesh tanks full of them. In doing so they become contaminated with various biological and chemical toxins.
I suppose that there are some advantages of using plastic instead of rocks for this - for one thing it's lighter in bulk.
But well, here is the disadvantage. A spill of small rocks isn't usually an environmental issue.
It's all so insidious
UK gov will permit bills to rise and nothing will fundamentally change when it comes to water in the UK except how much we pay
"This is the one thing we didn't want to happen"
This type of legislation is in the same line as the USA's Clean Water Act; don't shit where you eat/live.
But I'm very annoyed that this needs to be done in the first place. There's a lot of annoying regulation in place that shouldn't have to be there, but I feel like some profit-driven dicks will always find a way to mess things up for everyone
1997 Lego spill - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Lego_spill
The Cornish beaches where Lego keeps washing up - https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28367198
After 25 Years at Sea, Shipwrecked Lego Pieces Are Still Washing Ashore on Beaches in England - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/whimsical-legos-ar...
> Please don't post insinuations about astroturfing, shilling, brigading, foreign agents, and the like. It degrades discussion and is usually mistaken. If you're worried about abuse, email hn@ycombinator.com and we'll look at the data.
But I might be biased due to my extensive shares in Testudines Petroleum Inc.
I guess the sarcasm just flew over my head there. Thanks for the civility though.
But each of them only works in certain environments. Just like wood is very biodegradable, but if you keep it dry you can build wooden structures that last centuries
The wooden posts under buildings in Amsterdam famously stood for centuries, until the water table was changed a few times in a row and then rot set in.
More than you probably ever wanted to know about this subject:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2025.2...
https://www.waternet.nl/en/our-water/groundwater/
Lots of houses and other historical buildings in Amsterdam are having their foundation supporting piles replaced. This is a very challenging operation and highly specialized gear has been built to do the job, and with a minimum of vibration to reduce the chance of damage to the structure. They're called 'schroefinjectiepalen' in dutch (too many letters for Scrabble).
The essential piece of kit is a tiny pile driver that gets lifted into the basement of a building and that then pushes hollow steel shells into the soil until resistance. Each shell is threaded, much like drilling rig piles from oil drilling, only much shorter, typically 1 to 2 meters in length. When the required resistance is met the shells are filled with grout, so you end up with an inside-out reinforced concrete post that once it has cured can be load bearing. There are also versions where the grout escapes the post and forms a shell around it and there are versions where there is more armoring inserted into the steel tube.
Edit: finally found a good English language article:
https://www.walinco.nl/g-grouts.htm
These little machines are quite the feat of engineering, some of them are so small they fit through a standard doorway.
https://www.schroefinjectiebv.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/...
Here is a picture of one under one of Amsterdam's theaters:
http://funderingstechniek.com/foto/carre3.jpg
I was about to comment that you could form it in multiple steps, but turns out, I forgot about the size limitation of the scrabble board/how many of each letter.
Either way, that's some neat tech. Specialized machines for such "obscure" usages are pretty interesting. Partially because you just never even think about those existing until you hear of em.
Just, so many chains of logic I probably will never even think about that lead to such neat tech which would be interesting to me. Makes one wonder what else there is.
The problem is that day may be millions of years away. It allegedly took nature several million years to evolve bacteria that can digest lignin and cellulose, allowing old fallen wood to decompose in the forest. Coal deposits are from an era when such bacteria were not present.
Even if we had such bacteria, they would only be able to digest plastic under certain conditions. Overall, plastic pollution is here to stay for a very long time.
> "This is equivalent to between 2,100 and 7,300 trucks full of pellets per year," the Commission said.
How? These are unbelievable numbers. Did 2,100 - 7,300 trucks flip over and dump their nurdles into the environment? Are there steady nurdle-leaks which cause a percentage of them to escape? What percentage of nurdles escape rather than getting melted and molded into plastic end products?
I wonder how quickly they are broken down by UV, given their relatively large surface area.
0. https://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-mermaid-tears.htm
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