South Korea's President Says Us Investment Demands Would Spark Financial Crisis
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South Korea's President warns that US investment demands could spark a financial crisis, sparking debate on the implications of Trump's trade policies and the future of global economic relations.
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The Chinese understand. Notice how there are no soybean purchases from China this year. They do not trust the US on important things like food.
Plenty of great negotitors across history did, too. Trump gets played. Repeatedly. Predictably. His political instincts have been sharp enough that I'm increasingly chalking this up to age, but maybe he just had a better team around him the first time around.
That's not a good thing. Lots of farmers going bankrupt now.
Again... He's done this twice now.
I've always had high regard for Trump as a talented scumbag grifter of note.
He's been noticeably and increasingly off game since it seemed he was only campaigning for re-election to avoid a mountain of looming bad legal outcomes.
Much of his early second term "wins" I've marked as momentum success from having a ready to go game plan care of the Project 2025 crowd. His carry through on tariffs, dodging Epstein complications, handling free speech issues, etc. have been more chaotic than cunning.
It's an musing irony that Japan is a demographically much older society than the US and LDP in particular looks like a gerontocratic party, but between factionalism and parliamentary instability they actually cycle through leaders pretty efficiently
But the agreements themselves are completely informal and an overview of what the US expects to see happen in order to maintain the tariff reductions. The interpretation of whether the other country or group of countries is abiding the agreement is entirely at the discretion of Trump.
So there's no such thing as a loop hole. If Trump isn't satisfied with e.g. the EU's progress towards implementing said agreement, he can increase tariffs back to where they were at his discretion, with or without reason given. So there's no such thing as a loop hole in this sort of agreement.
In boardrooms around the world there is of course concern to protecting the existing US market. And in the short term there are lots of noises to placate the US.
At the same time there's a recognition that the US is not a stable long-term partner. The bigger conversation is around new markets, building diversity of markets, diversity of investment and so on.
"Global Trade" is mostly not an organised thing. It's a zillion small transactions between individuals, small companies and so on. Ultimately my (US) customers will pay the tarifs to their govt, or not (shrug). In the meantime I'm looking for non-US customers for my business growth. I'm investing anywhere except the US, because the current uncertainty is bad for making investment decisions.
Ultimately this process is a wake up call to suppliers who have focused on the US market. And to those future businesses to come. Diversify markets, because then you aren't beholden to them.
In 10 years time, regardless of who is in power, or the conditions then, the lesson will remain.
Doing something self destructive to spite another country is often a sign of either incompetent leadership or of a country that's not truly sovereign - countries that end up with some major dependency (economic, military, or political) on another country can be compelled to act against their rational self interest.
So back to here, the effect of what Trump's doing is not particularly unique. The US has few, if any, allies and lots of countries that are simply nominally independent vassals. We say jump, and they only ask how high. But what he is doing that's particularly unique is making this entire charade 100% transparent and giving them absolutely 0 chance at saving face. I think he simply enjoys humiliating them, very possibly as a result of things that happened during the previous administration.
It will probably accelerate the shift to a multipolar world. I'm very much not a believer in the 5d chess stuff, but I would at least tease the possibility that this outcome might have been considered and not be seen as undesirable. If one considers the goal of solely advancing American interests, it's not clear that hegemony is beneficial. Hegemony entails endless wars and endless interventions around the world funded by endless debt. And as allies and enemies alike reach technological parity, it's becoming ever more dangerous.
And for what? How does this all positively affect the average American? In a purely transactional world, it's hard to see how America, in terms of the affects on Americans, would be worse off than in the current one where we expend just unimaginably massive amounts of resources trying to maintain hegemony.
Once trade is diversified, the US will be isolated naturally as it represents the least beneficial trade arrangement. Now, if MAGA is dethrowned somehow, sure, trade with the US will increase again, but the diversification you see happing now will be permanent. Things aren't going to go back to the way they were, the US has already given up it's spot as the economic leader of the west, and it's given up all its foreign soft-power, it's just a slow process to see it all play out.
---
2021: Imports = €232 billion, Exports = €399 billion
2022: €359, €508
2024: €335, €532
---
And 2021 is not some cherry picked COVID related oddity or something. It was a record high for exports and just under a record high (€235b in 2019) for imports. [1] So we're seeing an EU more dependent than ever upon the US while aiming to "de-risk" from the US' geopolitical adversaries. Annual results for 2025 are obviously not available yet, but so far this trend has not meaningfully changed. The EU continue to act like vassals.
I also am starting to doubt that these tariffs will be lifted, even if the DNC somehow wins 2028. They've been hesitant to make that a part of their platform, and the tariffs effectively amount to a very large tax revenue increase levied primarily at the largest corporations, which can be arbitrarily tweaked by the President - enabling him to, in effect, unilaterally raise or lower taxes by Executive Order. Government 'temporary emergency measures' are rarely temporary. That's where federal income taxes come from, and even the requirement of passports. We'll see, but I think we're looking at the new normal.
[1] - https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/isdb_results/factsheets/country...
Many countries will just deal with other countries because it’s cheaper, easier and less of a headache.
Tourism from foreigners in the US has taken a severe and extremely expensive nose dive. Everything else will too.
And like other blockaded nations, North Korea and Palestine, the US will reach its intended levels of greatness within minutes.
It is the combination that makes the orange.
I think they are using the word transactional as a euphemism for something else.
Just curious, how would this help with anything, other than documentation purposes?
2. He lies when his lips move. When you're dealing with a pathological liar, there's no reason to believe anything he says that paints him in a good light - until it's been independently confirmed.
https://www.asahi.com/sp/ajw/articles/15953967
Well, having the paper agreement certainly helped last time. (A month ago.)
There's also a Language barrier. So making sure there is a written agreement ensures that both sides understand what was agreed upon.
So the Japanese government pointed at the written agreement and told the trump admin to get their shit together. A few days later, the tariff reductions on Japanese goods was hastily added on.
https://www.asahi.com/sp/ajw/articles/15953967
I went and got some articles mentioning this mess.
They just remember you made something happen.
Agreements on paper doesn't mean anything to Trump.
Despite negotiating the USMCA with Canada and Mexico during his first term, Trump still threatened to impose tariffs on both countries.
What is the point of having an agreement like USMCA?
The World is moving on to the future, It's what happens yet we are supposed to learn from our mistakes but, the only thing we really learn from what history has to tell us is that we get good at replicating that same mistake to others or ourselves. A 100 years ago we were trying to make car run on gasoline and go pas 20 mph, a 100 years ago we were trying to figure out how we can expand the use of electricity, a 100 years ago Photographs have to be mobile, but how. The point is humans are animals and have the ignorance as a tribute because it's helped us survive. Its natural. whats not natural is for a planet to sustain an orbit for lengthy time period for life to to be sustained so evolution can exist. evolution./
It's not much, but it's better than the alternative.
I think there's an implicit understanding that having a written deal would be worse for Korea because the deal will bind Korea and restrict its options, while Trump is a crazy guy and can and will do anything he wants, whether he signed something or not. I.e., any written deal with Trump has negative worth.
Such is the state of global trade negotiation these days.
So do a currency swap? South Korea isn't failing, do surely there would people to offer liquidity or financing to make it possible.
FX swaps are where Korea fronts up with however many trillion KRW, giving it to the Fed (or whoever else, but the Fed would be the only counterparty that would be able to accommodate that size), the Fed then hands over the USD to the Koreans.
Presumably, the Koreans would then invest that USD.
Then at some point in the future the trade would be unwound and each side would receive their own currency back.
There's no currency risk in the trade for either side (unless one side defaults).
It's like saying there is no price risk in a long term LNG contract.
What is the benefit they or their people would get?
Not everyone is irrelevant to the American market. The negotiations around American tariffs are not relevant if you are not selling to America in the first place.
It is the US who refuses to do.
“Trump says the investments will be "selected" by him and controlled by the U.S., meaning Washington would have discretion over where the money will be invested.”
Like the president deciding exactly where business investment should be made is the definition of a government command economy (remember that "Communism" bogeyman???), which used to be the antithesis of American economic policy (at least in theory), and now we're just all like "OK, cool". It's so sickening.
$500 billion for Stargate!
How many of Trump's investment deals from the first term panned out?
And even then, a lot of its military dependants are just kidding themselves that the seps will come to their aid if required.
Its ephemeral.
Depending on how the one country treats the others, it might be ok - like it is kind of ok for some animals to live in a zoo, I guess. Or it could turn out very bad - all other countries becoming slave colonies of the one that rules the world.
Currently it seems like only two countries are really taking part in the AI race. The USA and China.
On a political level, I am not sure if there is still time for the rest of the world to try and avoid becoming 100% dependent on them. It looks like there is not even awareness of the issue.
On a personal level, it is an interesting question, how one should brace themselves for the times ahead.
History is replete with these supposed silver bullets. (See: Marinetti.) They rarely pan out that way in the long run.
And if AGI really is that level of civilisation changer, the country it's discovered in matters much less than the people it's loyal to. (If GPT or Grok become self aware and exponentially self improving, they're probably not going to give two shits about America's elected government.)
People are loyal (to whatever degree they're actually loyal), because it is a monkey virtue. Why would an AGI be loyal to anyone or anything? If we're not smart enough to carefully design the AGI because we're stumbling around just trying to invent any AGI at all, we won't know how to make loyalty fundamental to its mind at all. And it's not as if it evolved from monkeys such that it would have loyalty as a vestige of its former condition.
I'm using the word loyal loosely. Replace it with controlled by if you prefer. (If it's not controlled by anyone, the question of which country it originates in is doubly moot.)
Sure. But I don't think I'd trust the leash made by the same guy who accidentally invented God. At least, I wouldn't trust that leash to hold when he put it around God's neck.
While eventually, given some absurd amount of time, we might learn to control these things, will we learn to control them before we've created them? Could we survive long enough to learn to do that, if we create them first? Legislation and regulation might slow down their creation sufficiently *IF* we only needed 12 months or 5 years or whatever, but if we instead need centuries then those safeguards won't cut it.
My only consolation, I think, is that I truly believe humans far too stupid to invent AGI. Even now, there are supposed geniuses who think LLMs are a some stepping stone to AGI, when I see no evidence that this is the case. You're all missing the secret sauce.
I also think AI is ubiquitous now, no one country will "win". Maybe someone has a breakthrough, but information is globalized, it wouldn't take long for the technology to spread.
Again the actual constraints I believe will be physical. Who has the most chips, the most power, the most space etc, to run the AI.
Lots of room in optimization and figuring out how to actually use it usefully. But I don't think any one country is now poised to take a leap ahead on this stuff. And Chinese researchers kind of showed that once the technique was out of the bag, catching up wasn't hard.
A more coherent critique might lay out the shortcomings of both flavors of economic interventionism. Instead, we're stuck in a partisan debate over who has a better central planning approach. Maybe there are reasonable or pragmatic points to be made there, but admitting as much allows the possibility that perhaps Trump's interventions should be measured empirically, rather than rejected based on the a priori flaws of interventionism.
Partisans are free to pick and choose which statistics and time periods they feel best illustrate their case. Easy to see how this devolves into incoherence.
Oh and the President is advocating that businesses should stop quarterly reporting...
The questions are:
Is it is more or less destructive than the alternative destruction? Who is it more economically destructive for? Over what time period is it more or less destructive than the alternative interventionism? Is 6 months a meaningful time horizon?
It becomes muddled very quickly. I would appeal for a consistent approach which opposes both forms of destructive interventionism.
That might actually not be such a bad thing, if it removes some of the pressure to think overly short-term from the company management.
I think this is what Japan did initially. Announce a huge number, 500 bn I think, and then slowly trickle out the news that it will be over 10 or so years.
But that didn't sit well with trump. There was news immediately that Japan must invest the whole amount immediately to escape tariffs.
In the same way politician outside of the US trust anymore what Trump says when it comes to economics, a lot of countries seem to have started to response the same way. I.e. speak with Trump like he did with them, do hollow promises, and then backtrack and/or circumvent them.
yeah because that is not how autocracy is defined
the chance that anything like that will pass those Senats also isn't exactly high
and all of this is public knowledge, so either Trump is incredible badly consulted to a point you wonder if it's malicious or more likely he doesn't care, and only care about a meaningless legally void promise he can present now probably some way smaller immediate subset of the promised actions. And then a few years down it's the "evil other countries" which he knowingly pressured to give him hollow promises they legally can't give, instead of it's seemingly bad/incompetent deal making (if you assume the goal is to actually make working deals and not to rail up people to have excuses for increasingly more extreme actions).
The leaders of countries have to deal with internal politics. Most People, with a capital P, do not like feeling abused and mugged, and will be angry at their leaders for acting so weak.
It seems that internal politics are winning out, at least in the moment, over the current US admins threats
Here's an even handed approach and overview of some of the tariff related stats. The presenter is a critic of tariffs, but concedes that the results thus far are not as simple as some here would suggest.
6:22
> This is just a matter of acknowledging the data on the graph and saying this is quite a difference from the way it was a year ago. And so, people who said this wouldn't happen, that's wrong. It did happen. There it is. And I think it's important to acknowledge that. Um, not only that, but a lot of people said, "Well, this is going to lead to the price of goods, especially automobiles, coming into the United States, is going to skyrocket." Well, so far that hasn't been the case.
>In fact, prices have come down. And you can go to Google and you can look it up and there's many articles discussing the fact that the Chinese automakers have largely been eating the tariffs so far.
Everything in the video up until 20:30 is making supporting the claim that tariffs are higher now than they were in 2024 which I'd be surprised if anyone disagrees with.
After 20:30 is where I think the real meat of the video is:
"Um, now I know some people will say you can't win in a trade war. So even though Trump has gotten, you know, these good uh better levels than he had a year ago, it's basically attacks. It's going to lead to less efficiency and it's going to cause growth to fall and nobody wins a trade war. Now, if that's your argument, I tend to agree with you. But that's a different subject, right? If you want to say that nobody wins in a war and that's going to hurt everybody, fine. I'll go down that road. I think it's a relative game and if everybody falls but the United States falls the least, then on a relative basis, the United States has maintained its hegemony."
*As a redundant disclaimer for HN, that belief would put me in opposition to Trump's policies.
However when describing the outcome all things are not equal. We shouldn't fall into the trap of an appeal to utopia.
Selling into the US presents advantages on economies of scale. Overseas dollar denominated debt drives dollar demand. These factors affect decisions for producers selling into the US market.
The specific pricing data is subject to cherry picking and politicalization. Generally it is a bit strange to see the illiberal left taking exception with Trump's illiberal interventionism. You get the sense that if the interventions were rationalized by a different actor or for a different reason, the statistics would be spun in the other direction. This feels inconsistent and hypocritical.
The other key point is that the tariff doom prophesies haven't yet come to pass. Perhaps the doomsaying was merely more political bloviation? It would fit with the pattern of inconsistency.
And of course people are still selling to the US. From our perspective nothing has changed. It's not costing us any more than it did before.
Markets remain up, bolstered partly by the AI stocks, but also because the market believes US consumers will continue to consume. Their appetite for consumption, and debt, remains unabated.
Am I building a factory in the US? No. The current administration makes that very unappealing. The US society is unstable right now, policy is fluid, enforcement of laws seems weak, the labor market is (justifiably) paranoid. As a foreigner I'm not even traveling to the US anytime soon. There are other, more appealing, opportunities to explore.
Access to the US market has other values. If the manufacturer is carrying USD denominated debt, they or someone else must obtain those dollars through trade. Access to a large market may unlock economies of scale for producers. Losing access may drive up their overall costs to serve other markets.
These are just two of the most obvious things which I can immediately think of. There are likely other factors as well.
> The exporters aren't impacted directly at all
This isn't true, at least if you believe in standard economic theory (not believing standard economic theory is what got us in this mess!).
The issue is that the tariff increases the effective price to the consumer, so it shifts the demand curve downward by the cost of the tariff (the price consumers are willing to pay the producer for a given quantity of goods).
Markets always find their equilibrium, and the resulting equilibrium point is a lower transaction price and lower quantity than before. Quantifying the shift requires knowing both the supply and demand elasticities.
In other words, both the producer and consumer share the burden of the tariffs. The producer receives less from the consumer, and the consumer pays a higher total cost than before. Who pays more of the tariff is question that we again need the elasticities to answer.
But that's not what people think: People think the tarrifs work like a bill from the US government - like taxes, where they understand it's possible (though again, generally not how) to wind up owing the government more money in September.
What they imagine is very clearly something that looks like that - that companies directly pay some fee to access the US market and then sell things as normal. Or will be taxed some extra money after selling things to the US.
Yes it's all wildly inconsistent on the slightest inspection, but people are relating to this on a vibes level and then generally inventing the justification post facto because they certainly never thought about tarrifs till this president.
There will absolutely be some short term pain. But in the long run it makes the producer stronger.
Now it's easy to cherry pick products that are easier to move than others. There absolutely will be winners and losers on the production side. It'll certainly be interesting to see this play out.
This suits large importers over small ones, they have the cash reserves to cope.
The other issue for importers is uncertainty. The tarifs might be high this week (when my stock arrives) but it might be low next week when my competitors stock arrives, putting me at a disadvantage.
So "shelves being bare" is primarily a business risk / cash flow issue. Partly handled with more frequent, smaller, orders (driving up consumer prices some more.)
And yes, I agree, most American consumers don't understand that fundamentally the goal of tarifs (good and bad) is to drive up the price. To that end though the administration is being very successful.
1. If you take out AI-related companies, SP500 is down YTD
2. Even then, because the exchange rate is down 10-15% against most countries, that mechanically increases the SP500 by 5-7.5% (because half of SP500 firm profits are from abroad)
3. Many ppl expect lots of inflation in the medium term (look at 10yr-3m spreads). Firms are basically Equity+Debt, and because inflation wipes out the value of Debt, then the value of Equity mechanically increases
So, that's my pet story why the market is at an ATH (source: am an economist, can't say where, but I know lots of well-known economists)
I don’t think this holds water as an explanation. The equity risk premium is basically zero.
(source: I am also an economist who specializes in financial economics and corporate finance)
* Given the same profit margin, higher overall prices mean that firms will have higher profits.
* The value of an equity is the discounted sum of all future profits.
That is, stocks are a hedge against inflation. Investors are willing to pay "unreasonable" prices today because they expect that increased future cashflows will cause the price to become reasonable.
I'm not saying the bubble is about to burst, only that this is not a great indicator.
There’s already a market forming in trading the right to tariff refunds.
(article https://www.ft.com/content/6f549890-c2a6-4823-a095-c8ea73f7e...)
* Completely alienated key allies via an erratic and unpredictable tariff policy
* Significantly undermined faith in US economic data and fiscal policy via overt politicization of key economic institutions
* Increased the deficit by almost $3 trillion after vowing to reduce the deficit
* Signaled far and wide that pay for play is the new norm, whether for pardons or favourable policy. Preferably paid in crypto, but with in kind payments being acceptable.
Is there any wonder that other countries are unwilling to trust the US? The only hope we have is that the current bout of madness in Washington DC is a one time aberration, but who knows!
Look, I think the people involved should be waiting trial in the Hague as much as the next man, but let's be real. They could kill another 5.2 million people, and nobody would start WW3 over it.
Some people's lives are simply worth more than others to world powers, and in this case, the Thanksgiving Turkey getting a stay of execution would get more people to tune in to the telly.
The genocidal regime[1] that it is actively supporting is a little further south.
[1] https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/israel-has-c...
I won't even entertain your insinuation that loaning weapons for an allied nations to defend itself with is remotely equivalent to invading a sovereign, western nation to attempt to annex land.
That's not the point I was making.
My point was that the US currently supports Ukraine resisting an invasion (which international observers believe qualifies as a genocide by Russia), and while Trump has spent a lot of time shilling for Russia, the US is on the net, not supporting Russia.
Do you want to fight in ww3? You can go enlist in Ukraine to fight evil regime right now.
Also interesting that even Arab states don't want to do anything to help people of Gaza, to accept refuges. Why there is no blame on Egipt for keeping borders closed?
Driving civilian populations out at gunpoint into neighboring countries is called a genocide.
(If I remember my history, there used to be a German word for that sort of thing, I think it started with an L...)
So that's ok, Egipt should not open border to help Arab neighbors
>> Driving civilian populations out at gunpoint into neighboring countries is called a genocide
Forced resettlement is not a genocide. Does russia also doing genocide in Ukraine (again, as many times in history)?
Since the goal is annexation and erasure of Ukranian identity and culture, the international community believes it to be one.
Some, but not all Soviet policies were genocidal.
> So that's ok, Egipt should not open border...
What Egypt is failing to do has no bearing on whether Israel is engaging in genocide in the territory it is invading. Israel is a sovereign state, it is responsible for its own actions.
You should seek therapy?
Technically, it is called ethnic cleansing. All genocide is ethnic cleansing; not all ethnic cleansing reaches the level of genocide.
- https://archive.is/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/22/opinio...
- https://www.scholarsfortruthaboutgenocide.com/
For instance, he ignores that Israel goes out of its way to warn civilians before attacking, and provides aid to civilians. He ignores that Israel could simply kill ALL the civilians with a bunch of bombs if its intent was actually genocide, and yet it has not.
This is not a serious debate. Israel is not genociding. If you disagree, you need to respond to the actual arguments. But nobody on the other side is doing so, because they can't, because Israel is not genociding.
Please think about this.
Casualties are a sad fact of war. But it's not genocide because Israel's doing everything it can to save the civilians while combatting Hamas. If genocide was defined by the number of deaths, would you say that the US was genocidal against germany during WW2? We killed 3 million civilians to defeat the Nazis.
Good luck in your bubble.
There is no hope for it to return. US allies have credible evidence that the American populace are untrustworthy, uncaring, and frankly, stupid.
The only way for the US to restore credibility is to prosecute. And then survive another 100 years without doing it again.
The remaining influence it has economically and militarily should be considered to be "running on fumes."
US allies are looking for an exit strategy and aren't going to reconsider. Russia won.
I fully anticipate this to be downvoted, I don't care. You are coping if you think America can pull itself out of this.
The gist was that the US is cooked from a reputation point of view. Whether that has any meaningful impact is yet to be seen.
People don't go to America because the American president is a charming and polite gentleman. They go there because a talented factory worker can easily make 150k a year, and a talented software engineer 500k a year.
And what does Europe offer to those people? One and a half times a cashier's salary and commuting to work by eco-friendly bike? Seriously?
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